Gender and non-communicable diseases in Mexico: a political mapping and stakeholder analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) present a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with gender-differentiated risk factors and access to prevention, diagnosis and care. However, the political agenda in LMICs as it relates to health and gender is primarily focused on sexual and reproductive health rights and preventing violence against women. This research article analyses public policies related to gender and NCDs, identifying political challenges in the current response to women's health needs, and opportunities to promote interventions that recognize the role of gender in NCDs and NCD care in Mexico. METHODS: We carried out a political mapping and stakeholder analysis during July-October of 2022, based on structured desk research and interviews with eighteen key stakeholders related to healthcare, gender and NCDs in Mexico. We used the PolicyMaker V5 software to identify obstacles and opportunities to promote interventions that recognize the role of gender in NCDs and NCD care, from the perspective of the political stakeholders interviewed. RESULTS: We found as a political obstacle that policies and stakeholders addressing NCDs do not take a gender perspective, while policies and stakeholders addressing gender equality do not adequately consider NCDs. The gendered social and economic aspects of the NCD burden are not widely understood, and the multi-sectoral approach needed to address these aspects is lacking. Economic obstacles show that budget cuts exacerbated by the pandemic are a significant obstacle to social protection mechanisms to support those caring for people living with NCDs. CONCLUSIONS: Moving towards an effective, equity-promoting health and social protection system requires the government to adopt an intersectoral, gender-based approach to the prevention and control of NCDs and the burden of NCD care. Despite significant resource constraints, policy innovation may be possible given the willingness among some stakeholders to collaborate, particularly in the labour and legal sectors. However, care will be needed to ensure the implementation of new policies has a positive impact on both gender equity and health outcomes. Research on successful approaches in other contexts can help to identify relevant learnings for Mexico.

How Indigenous communities in New Zealand are protecting their data.

Concerns about the ethical use of data, privacy, and data harms are front of mind in many jurisdictions as regulators move to impose tighter controls on data privacy and protection, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Although efforts to hold corporations to account for their deployment of data and data-driven technologies have been largely welcomed by academics and civil society, there is a growing recognition of the limits to individual data rights, given the capacity of tech giants to link, surveil, target, and make inferences about groups. Questions about whether collective data rights exist, and how they can be recognized and protected, have provided fertile ground for researchers but have yet to penetrate the broader discourse on data rights and regulation.

Cultivating Vital Conditions For Perinatal Well-Being And A Sustained Commitment To Reproductive Justice.

Perinatal mental illness is a leading cause of death during pregnancy and the first postpartum year in the United States. Although better acute care services for mental health conditions are desperately needed, urgent services alone cannot create the conditions to thrive. Cultivating well-being requires a sustained commitment to reproductive justice, "the human right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communities." To support reproductive justice for pregnant and birthing people, the Rippel Foundation's Vital Conditions for Health and Well-Being framework offers a holistic approach comprising seven domains: a thriving natural world; basic needs for health and safety; humane housing; meaningful work and wealth; lifelong learning; reliable transportation; and, central to all of these, belonging and civic muscle. Here we review the evidence for each of the vital conditions as key drivers of perinatal mental health, and we outline how this public health approach can advance well-being across generations.

[Transform children and adolescents into protagonists of their health care]. / Transformar a niños, niñas y adolescentes en los protagonistas de su atención en salud.

More and more naturally we recognize children and adolescents (NNA) as social actors capable of managing for themselves, according to their age and level of development, specific aspects of their lives; spaces in which we gradually and correlatively grant them greater scope for personal action. This paradigmatic change in the understanding of children and adolescents has been influenced by the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1989. It meant moving forward from a until then welfare perspective that observed children and adolescents as subject objects of protection, as passive subjects, to the guardianship of responsible adults (doctrine of guardianship protection), to their consideration as subjects of law, that is, as holders and main agents in the exercise of their rights, with respect to which adults have duties of protection. orientation and guidance (doctrine of comprehensive protection). Reviewing the terms of the Convention and the adjustments made to the national legal framework, this article explores how this new model, based on human rights, is extended and in what terms, to the healthcare space.

Cuerpos desgener[iz]ados: rescatando las experiencias de personas intersex como usuarias del sistema de salud público Chileno / Corpos desgener[iz]ados: resgatando as experiências de pessoas intersexuais como usuárias do sistema público de saúde chileno / Desgener[iz]ated bodies: rescuing the experiences of intersex people as users of the Chilean public health system

Introducción: La intersexualidad comprende condicionesinfrecuentes donde una persona nace con una anatomíasexual diferente del binario hombre-mujer; esto suponehabitar un cuerpo fuera de lo inteligible y estigmatizado.Históricamente, desde la heteronorma, el modelo biomédicoha buscado normalizarles quirúrgicamente para asignarprecoz y arbitrariamente un sexo-género armónico con lagenitalidad. Desde los Derechos Humanos, estas prácticasson cuestionadas por colectivos Intersex.Materiales y método: Estudio de caso, entre años 2019 y2020; técnica de entrevista en profundidad a dos usuariosadultos de los Policlínicos de Urología y Endocrinología de unhospital público en Santiago, Chile; se utilizó la fenomenologíade Husserl para comprender la experiencia en el sistema desalud de las personas intersex. El análisis de la informaciónse basó en la propuesta de Colaizzi.Resultados: Se reconocieron unidades de significado principalese imbricadas, cuyas esencias permitieron describir el fenómenode: ser niño y habitar el espacio hospitalario, vivir con lacondición actualmente, y la experiencia de utilizar el sistemade salud siendo adulto.Conclusiones: Se identificaron diversas estrategias de agenciatanto en el espacio hospitalario como el cotidiano, medianteun proceso personal y silencioso de aprendizajes sobre lasimplicancias de ser intersexual.(AU)

Introduction: Intersexuality includes extremely rareconditions where a person is born with a sexual anatomydifferent from the male-female binary; this supposesinhabiting a body outside the intelligible, configuringa stigma. Historically and from the heteronorm, thebiomedical model has sought to surgically normalizethem in order to precociously and arbitrarily assigna gender in harmony with genitality. From HumanRights, these practices have been questioned byIntersex groups.Materials and method: During the years 2019 and2020, case studies were carried out through in-depthinterviews with two adult users of the Urology andEndocrinology Polyclinics of a public hospital atSantiago, Chile; Husserl's phenomenology was usedto visualize the phenomenon according to how it isexperienced by the subjects who carry it, using theprocedure described by Colaizzi as an informationanalysis plan.Results: Main and overlapping units of meaning wererecognized, whose essences allowed describing thephenomenon of: being a child and inhabiting thehospital space, currently living with the condition,and the experience of using the health system as anadult, with new and own meanings.Conclusions: Various agency strategies were identifiedboth in the hospital space and in everyday life, througha personal and silent process of learning about theimplications of being intersex.(AU)

Introdução: Intersexo compreende condições rarasem que uma pessoa nasce com uma anatomia sexualdiferente do binário masculino-feminino; Isso significahabitar um corpo fora do que é inteligível e estigmatizado.Historicamente, a partir da heteronormação, o modelobiomédico buscou normalizá-los cirurgicamente paraatribuir precoce e arbitrariamente um sexo-gêneroharmônico com a genitalidade. A partir dos DireitosHumanos, essas práticas são questionadas por gruposintersexuais.Materiais e método: Estudo de caso, entre os anos de2019 e 2020; técnica de entrevista em profundidadecom dois usuários adultos das Policlínicas de Urologiae Endocrinologia de um hospital público de Santiago,Chile; A fenomenologia de Husserl foi utilizada paracompreender a experiência de pessoas intersexuaisno sistema de saúde. A análise das informações foibaseada na proposta de Colaizzi.Resultados: Reconheceram-se unidades de significadoprincipais e sobrepostas, cujas essências permitiramdescrever o fenômeno de: ser criança e habitar oespaço hospitalar, viver atualmente com a condição e aexperiência de usar o sistema de saúde na fase adulta.Conclusões: Foram identificadas várias estratégiasde agenciamento tanto no hospital como na vidaquotidiana, através de um processo pessoal e silenciosode aprendizagem sobre as implicações de ser intersexo.(AU)

Combining mHealth Technology and Pharmacotherapy to Improve Mental Health Outcomes and Reduce Human Rights Abuses in West Africa: Intervention Field Trial.

Background: In West Africa, healers greatly outnumber trained mental health professionals. People with serious mental illness (SMI) are often seen by healers in "prayer camps" where they may also experience human rights abuses. We developed "M&M," an 8-week-long dual-pronged intervention involving (1) a smartphone-delivered toolkit designed to expose healers to brief psychosocial interventions and encourage them to preserve human rights (M-Healer app), and (2) a visiting nurse who provides medications to their patients (Mobile Nurse). Objective: We examined the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and preliminary effectiveness of the M&M intervention in real-world prayer camp settings. Methods: We conducted a single-arm field trial of M&M with people with SMI and healers at a prayer camp in Ghana. Healers were provided smartphones with M-Healer installed and were trained by practice facilitators to use the digital toolkit. In parallel, a study nurse visited their prayer camp to administer medications to their patients. Clinical assessors administered study measures to participants with SMI at pretreatment (baseline), midtreatment (4 weeks) and post treatment (8 weeks). Results: Seventeen participants were enrolled and most (n=15, 88.3%) were retained. Participants had an average age of 44.3 (SD 13.9) years and 59% (n=10) of them were male. Fourteen (82%) participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 2 (18%) were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Four healers were trained to use M-Healer. On average, they self-initiated app use 31.9 (SD 28.9) times per week. Healers watched an average of 19.1 (SD 21.2) videos, responded to 1.5 (SD 2.4) prompts, and used the app for 5.3 (SD 2.7) days weekly. Pre-post analyses revealed a significant and clinically meaningful reduction in psychiatric symptom severity (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score range 52.3 to 30.9; Brief Symptom Inventory score range 76.4 to 27.9), psychological distress (Talbieh Brief Distress Inventory score range 37.7 to 16.9), shame (Other as Shamer Scale score range 41.9 to 28.5), and stigma (Brief Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale score range 11.8 to 10.3). We recorded a significant reduction in days chained (1.6 to 0.5) and a promising trend for reduction in the days of forced fasting (2.6 to 0.0, P=.06). We did not identify significant pre-post changes in patient-reported working alliance with healers (Working Alliance Inventory), depressive symptom severity (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), quality of life (Lehman Quality of Life Interview for the Mentally Ill), beliefs about medication (Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire-General Harm subscale), or other human rights abuses. No major side effects, health and safety violations, or serious adverse events occurred over the course of the trial. Conclusions: The M&M intervention proved to be feasible, acceptable, safe, and clinically promising. Preliminary findings suggest that the M-Healer toolkit may have shifted healers' behaviors at the prayer camp so that they commit fewer human rights abuses.

The effects of parental respect for children's decision-making and respect for human rights on depression in early adolescents: The mediating effect of self-esteem.

This study investigated the structural relationships among parental respect for children's decision-making, respect for human rights, and self-esteem, and their impact on depression in early adolescents. The study utilized data from 2,747 middle school students who participated in the 2020 Survey on the Current Status of Korean Children's and Youth's Rights conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model based on partial least squares with SmartPLS 3.0. The analysis revealed that both parental respect for children's decision-making and respect for human rights perceived by middle school students had a significant positive impact on self-esteem and a significant negative impact on depression. Furthermore, self-esteem was found to have a significant negative effect on depression. Importantly, self-esteem also played a significant mediating role in the relationship between parental respect for children's decision-making and depression, as well as the relationship between respect for human rights and depression. Therefore, in order to manage depression, it is necessary to develop strategies that encourage parental respect for children's decision-making, promote respect for human rights, and foster self-esteem in early adolescents.

Advancing disability-inclusive climate research and action, climate justice, and climate-resilient development.

Globally, more than 1 billion people with disabilities are disproportionately and differentially at risk from the climate crisis. Yet there is a notable absence of climate policy, programming, and research at the intersection of disability and climate change. Advancing climate justice urgently requires accelerated disability-inclusive climate action. We present pivotal research recommendations and guidance to advance disability-inclusive climate research and responses identified by a global interdisciplinary group of experts in disability, climate change, sustainable development, public health, environmental justice, humanitarianism, gender, Indigeneity, mental health, law, and planetary health. Climate-resilient development is a framework for enabling universal sustainable development. Advancing inclusive climate-resilient development requires a disability human rights approach that deepens understanding of how societal choices and actions-characterised by meaningful participation, inclusion, knowledge diversity in decision making, and co-design by and with people with disabilities and their representative organisations-build collective climate resilience benefiting disability communities and society at large while advancing planetary health.

Editorial: Oral Health: luxury or a fundamental human right? The necessity of introducing a dedicated oral health budget and Proportionate Universalism in Greece.

Oral health is an integral part of overall health and critically affects quality of life as well as personal and social well-being. Poor oral health negatively influences general health and creates medical, financial and social burdens for individuals, families and health systems. The US Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2021) sees use of the oral health care system as a leading health indicator. Oral health improvement is an important step to reduce socioeconomic inequalities and promote the UN Sustainable Development Strategy (Wang et al., 2020, Huang and Chang 2022). Moreover, "achieving the highest attainable standard of oral health is a fundamental human right of every human being" (WHO 2022a).

CUSCO: An Unobtrusive Custom Secure Audio-Visual Recording System for Ambient Assisted Living.

The ubiquity of digital technology has facilitated detailed recording of human behaviour. Ambient technology has been used to capture behaviours in a broad range of applications ranging from healthcare and monitoring to assessment of cooperative work. However, existing systems often face challenges in terms of autonomy, usability, and privacy. This paper presents a portable, easy-to-use and privacy-preserving system for capturing behavioural signals unobtrusively in home or in office settings. The system focuses on the capture of audio, video, and depth imaging. It is based on a device built on a small-factor platform that incorporates ambient sensors which can be integrated with the audio and depth video hardware for multimodal behaviour tracking. The system can be accessed remotely and integrated into a network of sensors. Data are encrypted in real time to ensure safety and privacy. We illustrate uses of the device in two different settings, namely, a healthy-ageing IoT application, where the device is used in conjunction with a range of IoT sensors to monitor an older person's mental well-being at home, and a healthcare communication quality assessment application, where the device is used to capture a patient-clinician interaction for consultation quality appraisal. CUSCO can automatically detect active speakers, extract acoustic features, record video and depth streams, and recognise emotions and cognitive impairment with promising accuracy.

Chapitre 5. Articuler nature et culture : le modèle juridique des AOP et IGP face au changement climatique, à la durabilité et aux droits bioculturels.

The impact of climate change on PDO and PGI production can provide an excellent laboratory for verifying precisely whether, and to what extent, climate risks are perceived in a sector so closely linked to territories and climate; whether climate change requires a modification of the agricultural production model and the legal model to enable production to adapt to climate risks and sustainability requirements, particularly in the light of new « sui generis » human rights such as biocultural rights.